Control structures:
You are expected to be able to
a) tell the output of a piece of code using these control structures
b) choose the most appropriate control construct given a circumstance
c) explain the differences between control construct and the scenarios
in which one is more appropriate than another

Decisions:
if
if - else
if - else if - else if 
if - else if - else if - else
switch

Loops:
while
do - while
for

Recursion

Function calls:
You need to understand how they work, what variables get placed on 
the stack, and when those variables are created and destroyed.
What does a return type of void mean?
What does a return type of void* mean?